Early Signs of Cancer in Pets: What Every Pet Owner Should Know

November is National Pet Cancer Awareness Month. Cancer is a reality that many pet owners fear, as it’s one of the leading causes of death in dogs and cats. While the diagnosis can be overwhelming, early detection offers hope for treatment and prolonging a pet's quality of life. Understanding the early signs of cancer in pets can make a world of difference in catching the disease before it progresses. Here’s what every pet owner should know about the subtle symptoms of cancer and the importance of regular veterinary check-ups.

1. Changes in Appetite

A shift in eating habits is one of the first things pet owners might notice, but it’s often overlooked as something temporary. Pets with cancer might suddenly become less interested in food or stop eating altogether, while others may increase their food intake due to certain types of tumors. Both changes can signal underlying issues, so it’s essential to monitor any appetite inconsistencies, especially if they persist beyond a day or two.

2. Energy Levels and Behavior

Pets with cancer often display a noticeable change in their energy levels. They might become lethargic or uninterested in activities they once enjoyed, like playing fetch or going for walks. On the other hand, some pets may show increased restlessness, especially if they are experiencing discomfort or pain due to the tumor's location. Recognizing and understanding changes in energy or behavior as potential red flags can encourage prompt veterinary intervention.

3. Lumps and Bumps

Not all lumps are cancerous, but any new growths, regardless of size, should be checked by a veterinarian. A common mistake is assuming that small lumps are harmless. However, they can sometimes indicate underlying issues. Regularly examining your pet for lumps or bumps by gently running your hands over their body can help you catch changes early. Veterinarians may perform a biopsy on suspicious lumps to determine if they’re benign or malignant.

4. Weight Loss or Gain

Unexplained weight changes in pets are a common sign of illness, including cancer. A pet may lose weight due to a lack of appetite or the body’s inability to absorb nutrients, while some pets with cancer may retain fluid, leading to apparent weight gain. If you notice sudden weight fluctuations, it’s wise to consult your vet, especially if the change isn’t linked to a recent diet or activity level shift.

5. Persistent Coughing or Difficulty Breathing

Respiratory changes, such as coughing or labored breathing, can be associated with cancer, especially if the tumor is located in or around the chest area. Unlike a typical cold, a cancer-related cough will often persist beyond a week, and it won’t respond to typical respiratory treatments. Monitoring your pet’s breathing patterns and consulting your veterinarian if there are any changes can be crucial steps in catching respiratory-related cancers early.

6. Unusual Odors

Unpleasant or unusual odors, especially around the mouth, nose, or other areas of your pet's body, can sometimes be a sign of cancer. Oral tumors, in particular, may produce a foul smell, as the cancerous tissue can affect the surrounding areas and lead to infections. If you notice a persistent and unexplained odor, it’s worth scheduling a check-up with your vet to assess the cause.

7. Sores That Don’t Heal

Non-healing sores or wounds can be a symptom of skin cancer or other underlying health conditions. Healthy pets tend to heal quickly, but when cancer is present, the body’s immune system might be compromised, resulting in slower healing. If your pet has a sore that doesn’t seem to improve, bring it to your vet’s attention as it could indicate a serious issue.

8. Vomiting or Diarrhea

Digestive disturbances like vomiting or diarrhea can indicate various health issues, including cancer. If your pet experiences chronic vomiting or diarrhea that persists beyond a day or two, this could be a sign of gastrointestinal cancer or another digestive issue. Keeping track of how often these symptoms occur can provide useful information for your veterinarian.

9. Bleeding or Discharge

Unusual bleeding or discharge, especially from the nose, mouth, or other body openings, can be a sign of cancer. While some pet owners may dismiss a small amount of blood, it’s best to get any bleeding or discharge evaluated. Some cancers, like those affecting the blood vessels or organs, may cause unexpected bleeding, even without any visible cuts or injuries.

The Role of Regular Vet Check-Ups

Regular veterinary visits are key to early detection. Annual exams are often sufficient for young and healthy pets, but as pets age, these check-ups should become more frequent, ideally every six months. Vets are trained to notice subtle signs of illness that might not be apparent to pet owners, and routine blood work and other diagnostic tests can help catch cancer in its early stages.

Proactive Monitoring for a Healthier Life

Early detection of cancer in pets often leads to better outcomes. By staying vigilant and watching for these subtle changes, pet owners can play a crucial role in helping their pets live longer, healthier lives. It’s a partnership with your veterinarian that includes regular check-ups, a proactive approach to health, and, most importantly, an attentive eye at home.

Being aware of these signs not only increases the chances of catching cancer early but also strengthens the bond between you and your pet as you focus on their well-being and comfort. Don’t hesitate to consult with your vet if you have concerns—your attentiveness could make all the difference in your pet’s life.